Colon and rectum cancer
Colon Cancer
Tumor is crazy cell development. At the point when cells in the digestive organ or colon experience uncontrolled cell development it prompts colon disease. The internal organ is a 6 feet long empty tube that runs from the cecum to the rectum. The colon without anyone else present is separated into four sections, the climbing colon, the transverse colon, the plunging colon and the sigmoid colon. The muscles lined along the divider of the colon crush material as they pass along, concentrating water, salt and supplements. These then move to the rectum to be dislodged.
Colon tumor can begin with noncancerous, considerate tumors in the dividers of the digestive organ. Some of these adenomatous polyps become harmful over a time of time transforming into disease.
Rectum cancer
The rectum structures terminal piece of the digestive framework. The last 6 inches of the colon constitutes the rectum and butt-centric channel. The butt is the opening of the internal organ outside the body. The primary capacity of the rectum is to store stool and get ready for its departure. The rectal divider is comprised of three layers the mucosa, muscularis propria and mesorectum. The rectum additionally constitutes of lymph hubs which are a piece of the insusceptible framework. Adenocarcinoma is the most well-known type of rectal tumor. Rectal disease creates from the mucosa. The disease cells spread to the lymph hubs influencing their reconnaissance over destructive materials in the body.
- Colon cancer
- Individual above 40 years of age
- Polyps such as adenomas, hyperplastic and inflammatory polyps
- Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC)
- Genetic abnormalities – mutations in DNA, genetic predisposition of family members
- Diet low in fibre, fruits and vegetables
- Smoking
- Rectum cancer
- Advanced age
- Polyps in the rectum
- Family history of colon cancer
- Inflammatory bowel disease such as ulcerative colitis
- Low fibre, low calcium diet, high in fat
- Obesity
- Personal history of colorectal cancer, cancer of ovary, endometrium or breast
- Having HNPCC or lynch syndrome
- Colon cancer and rectum cancer
- Irritable bowel syndrome
- Iron deficiency
- Alternating diarrhea and constipation
- Blood in stool
- Narrow stools
- Change in consistency of stool
- Pain and cramps in the abdomen – general discomfort of the abdomen such as bloating and gas
- Frequent urges to pass stool
- Weakness and fatigue
- Unexplained weight loss
Some common tests that any colon and rectum cancer patient would undergo are as below.
Colon cancer
Colonoscopy; This is an endoscopic test which uses a tube with a light at the end to look for polyps, tumors and associated abnormalities.
Virtual colonoscopy: Images of the inside of the colon are obtained with the use of an x-ray.
Sigmoidoscopy: An endoscope is advanced to view the left side of the colon.
Colon biopsy: A piece of colon tissue is extracted during colonscopy to be examined under the microscope.
Fecal occult blood test: FOBT is done to detect small amounts of blood in stool.
CBC: a complete blood count is done looking for signs of anemia.
Rectum cancer
Barium enema x-ray: X-rays are taken after special fluid is squirted into the rectum.
Fecal occult blood test: Stool is examined for traces of blood.
Colonoscopy: A long, flexible tube with light is used to check the rectum.
Rectal examination: A physical examination will suggest the presence of any lumps in the rectum.
Proctoscopy: This is also called a rectoscope which is used to examine the anal cavity and rectum. It is only about 25 cm long.
Biopsy: A small sample of tissue is collected and examined in the laboratory for the presence of malignant cells.
Endorectal ultrasound: This device takes pictures of the rectum upon insertion.
MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging uses high definition scan techniques to diagnose the spread of cancer.
A combination of surgery and chemotherapy for colon cancer. Rectal cancer will require radiotherapy in addition